The former player: 'I hoped to carry on playing'
Warning: This article includes details of racially offensive comments and conduct
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that going public to reveal racial discrimination in rugby union led his career to an early end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell characterized racism as being "rife" in the sport, showing digital communications and recalling training ground "comments" he had been exposed to while playing for Newcastle.
At that time 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only elite playing since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what happened," he told reporters.
"I really hoped to continue playing, of course I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news emerged that there were investigations going on.
"That was difficult - I had to just come to terms with the fate and accept that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization report in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not collect enough evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's international games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him win 15 appearances after his first game in February 2014.
"I have had several distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just outdated thinking that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become accepted in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"This is something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is fine and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell explains he was eventually spurred to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle referred to him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the elite game and to the introduction of an strategy for the elite level."
"The organization has given considerable attention on inclusion and diversity in the sport and a substantial amount of work completed both prior and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and revealed his experiences of racism and classism," it continued.
"We are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the elite level to strive for a culture of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face training on creating welcoming environments, with its success monitored via specific documentation and feedback.
All England athletes, including age-grade squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to step in and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so pleased of what you have accomplished," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and ended your playing days, but in our view, you have done so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away shortly after the production of the documentary, and his sibling died earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His 12 Foundation aims to connect with young people in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed both on the field with complimentary sports coaching, mentoring and dietary education.
"My motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the game and if nobody else is willing to share their experience then I'll continue to fight that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he explained.
"We have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the longer I talk about it hopefully the more confident others will feel about discussing their own stories as well.
"I need to grab the challenge by the horns and continue bearing this banner and keep supporting this responsibility and do what I can to create opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more inclusive.
"There are a lot of disadvantaged children and a lot of economic hardship and I honestly think that the sport has the potential to change their futures, just as it did for me."
Burrell scored a try for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in late 2022